Boletim epidemiológico: frequência de contatos não examinados de casos novos de hanseníase virchowiana e dimorfa com baciloscopia positiva - Goiás, 2017 a 2021 / Epidemiological bulletin: frequency of unexamined contacts of new cases of Virchowian and borderline leprosy with positive bacilloscopy - Goiás, 2017 to 2021

A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa crônica, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, um bacilo com tropismo pela pele e pelos nervos periféricos, com potencial de provocar deformidades físicas e incapacidades. O período de incubação da doença é longo, de 2 a 7 anos, podendo chegar a 20 anos ou mais. Este estudo consiste em uma análise retrospectiva, quantitativa, descritiva, das fichas de notificação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN dos pacientes com diagnóstico de hanseníase (CID A30), nos anos de 2017 a 2021 e os Boletins de acompanhamento das referidas fichas

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a bacillus with tropism for the skin and peripheral nerves, with the potential to cause physical deformities and disabilities. The incubation period of the disease is long, from 2 to 7 years, and can reach 20 years or more. This study consists of a retrospective, quantitative, descriptive analysis of the notification of the Notifiable Diseases Information System - SINAN of patients diagnosed with leprosy (ICD A30), in the years 2017 to 2021 and the follow-up Bulletins of the referred forms

Histoid leprosy presenting as a large tumor

Abstract Histoid leprosy is a rare form of multibacillary leprosy, characterized by the presence of papules, plaques, or nodules whose appearance is keloid-like, skin colored, or erythematous. Fusiform cells are the main histopathological feature. Due to the fact that it can simulate other dermatological lesions, for example, dermatofibroma and neurofibroma, it constitutes a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and pathologists. It is a bacilliferous form of leprosy, and it plays an important role in disease transmission. A case of a patient with histoid leprosy living in the Northeast Region of Brazil is reported.

Lepra lepromatosa nodular de diagnóstico tardío procedente de la Amazonía peruana, con el desarrollo de una reacción tipo 2 / Late diagnosis nodular lepromatous leprosy from the Peruvian Amazon, with development of a type 2 reaction

Resumen La lepra o enfermedad de Hansen es una de las clásicas enfermedades olvidadas que aún persiste en Perú. La infección es ocasionada por Mycobacterium leprae. La enfermedad varía en un amplio rango de manifestaciones desde la lepra tuberculoide (paucibacilar) hasta la lepromatosa (multibacilar). Se presenta el caso de un varón de 55 años, agricultor y extractor de madera, procedente de la Amazonia peruana, con lesiones cutáneas antiguas infiltrantes en la cara, cuello, tórax, abdomen y extremidades. La baciloscopia y estudio histológico de una biopsia de piel confirmaron la presencia de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes. Se concluyó, en forma tardía, que fue un caso de lepra lepromatosa nodular. Recibió terapia con rifampicina, dapsona y clofamizina por dos años con una lenta mejoría; no obstante, cursó con un eritema nodoso leproso (reacción tipo 2) con buena respuesta a corticoesteroides y talidomida.

Abstract Leprosy or Hansen's disease is one of the classic neglected diseases that still persists in Peru. The infection is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease varies in a wide range of manifestations from tuberculoid (paucibacillary) to lepromatous (multibacillary) leprosy. We present the case of a 55-year-old man, farmer and wood extractor, from the Peruvian Amazon with old infiltrating cutaneous lesions on the face, neck, thorax, abdomen and extremities. The smear and biopsy examinations confirm the presence of acid-alcohol-resistant bacilli compatible with leprosy. It is concluded, with a long delay, it was a case of nodular lepromatous leprosy. He received therapy with rifampicin, dapsone and clofamizine for two years with slow progressive improvement; however, he presented an erythema nodosum leprosum (type 2 reaction) with response to corticosteroids and thalidomide.

Histoid leprosy - A rare clinical presentation

Abstract Histoid leprosy is considered a rare form of lepromatous leprosy. Its peculiar clinical picture makes its diagnosis a challenging one, which can delay starting treatment and perpetuate the disease as endemic. In addition to representing a reservoir of bacilli, and being an important means of contamination, these patients have greater resistance to standard treatment. This is a report of a typical case of this rare presentation, aiming to share the knowledge and favor earlier diagnosis of the disease.

Case for diagnosis. Infiltrated areas on the trunk

Abstract Leprosy is an infectious disease with chronic evolution, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast bacillus that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nervous tissue. Many of the clinical manifestations of leprosy can mimic connective tissue diseases. The authors present the case of a 49-year-old woman who had been treated for four years for systemic lupus erythematosus in a rheumatological service. Skin biopsy of a plaque on the inguinal region was compatible with borderline lepromatous leprosy associated with a type 1 lepra reaction. The patient is undergoing treatment with multibacillary multidrug therapy, showing clinical improvement.

Diagnostic delay in a patient with reactional lepromatous leprosy treated as testicular tuberculosis

Abstract Leprosy is a chronic neglected and stigmatizing disease. Due to involvement of the peripheral nerves, it can result in physical disabilities, deformities, and emotional damage if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This is the case of a young patient with testicular pain and swelling and no improvement after a specific therapeutic scheme for tuberculosis. Clinical and laboratory reevaluation revealed hypoesthetic skin patches associated with post-burn crusted ulcers on the left arm, thickening of ulnar nerves, atrophy of interosseous muscles of the hands, positive skin smear microscopy, and testicular histopathology with numerous bacilli forming globi. These findings indicated lepromatous leprosy with type II reaction.

Erythroderma as a manifestation of leprosy

Abstract: Erythroderma consists of erythema and scaling involving most or all of the body surface. This generalized eruption may be idiopathic, drug-induced or secondary to cutaneous or systemic disease. A 71-year-old man is reported presenting generalized erythema and desquamation with deck-chair sign, nail dystrophy, and plantar ulcers associated with loss of local tactile sensitivity. Biopsies from three different sites demonstrated diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate with incipient granulomas. Fite-Faraco staining showed numerous isolated bacilli and globi. The skin smear was positive. Clinical and pathological diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy was confirmed. This report demonstrates that chronic multibacillary leprosy can manifest as erythroderma and thus should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Lepromatous leprosy simulating rheumatoid arthritis - Report of a neglected disease

Abstract Brazil has the second largest number of leprosy cases in the world; nevertheless, late diagnosis is common. We report the case of a male patient with pain and numbness in both hands and feet for six years with positive rheumatoid factor and anticardiolipin under rheumatoid arthritis treatment for five years. Examination revealed diffuse cutaneous infiltration and leonine facies, characteristic features of lepromatous leprosy. Autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor and anticardiolipin are markers of rheumatic autoimmune diseases, but their presence is also described in leprosy. We report the present case in order to alert health professionals to remember leprosy, even in areas where the disease is considered eliminated as a public health problem, avoiding misinterpretations of serologic findings and misdiagnosis.

Reacción lepromatosa tipo I, a propósito de un caso / Type I lepra reaction: a case report

La lepra es una infección crónica, granulomatosa, producida por Mycobacterium leprae, que afecta piel y nervios periféricos. Se describen dos tipos de reacciones leprosas: tipo I y tipo II, las que corresponden a cuadros agudos que exacerban la enfermedad. Estas leproreacciones pueden ocurrir antes, durante o después del tratamiento. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino que acude a consultar con lesiones cutáneas y resultado de biopsia de piel con diagnóstico de lepra. Se inicia tratamiento multidroga OMS-MB1. Posteriormente presenta una leproreacción tipo I, por lo que se le realiza tratamiento con prednisona.

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripheral nervous system produced by Mycobacterium leprae. Two types of acute leprosy reactions have been described: type I and type II. These reactions can occur before, during or after treatment. We present the case of an adult male patient presenting with skin lesions and skin biopsy diagnostic for leprosy. A multidrug WHO-MB 1 treatment was initiated, after which he presents with type I lepra reaction requiring corticosteroids.

Leg ulcer in lepromatous leprosy - Case report

Abstract: In Brazil, leprosy is a widespread infectious and contagious disease. Clinicians and specialists view leprosy broadly as a systemic infection, since, in its manifestations, it mimics many conditions, such as rheumatic, vascular, ENT, neurological and dermatological diseases. There are few studies that characterize the factors associated with ulcers in leprosy. These injuries should be prevented and treated promptly to avoid serious problems like secondary infections, sepsis, carcinomatous degeneration and amputations. We describe a patient with ulcers on his legs, involving late diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy.

Hanseníase virchowiana difusa e o diagnóstico diferencial com outras doenças sistêmicas / Lepromatous leprosy and the differential diagnosis with other systemic diseases

A Hanseníase é uma doença causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, com manifestações cutâneas acompanhadas de perda da sensibilidade e envolvimento de sistema nervoso periférico, podendo acometer vísceras e mucosas. O Brasil ocupa o 2° lugar no ranking de prevalência da doença. A classificação própria da hanseníase evidencia sua complexidade clínica e polimorfismo; e possibilita intersecções com patologias como o linfoma não Hodgkin. Este é uma neoplasia maligna de linfonodos, e pode manifestar-se primariamente na pele. Paciente masculino, 51 anos. Procurou o serviço com queixa de “pele rachada”, lesões em boca e língua, e emagrecimento. Ao exame físico, presença de placas em palato, formações esbranquiçadas em dorso de língua e infiltração em lóbulo de orelha. Identificaram-se ainda, alterações sensitivas em extremidades, rash cutâneo eritemato-descamativo generalizado, tumoração em cotovelo, e lesões eritemato-infiltradas com exulcerações em membros inferiores. As hipóteses diagnósticas foram: hanseníase, leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa, SIDA, Sífilis secundária e linfoma não Hodgkin. Durante a investigação, obtiveram-se resultados negativos para todas as sorologias, exceto a pesquisa de BAAR e biópsia sugerindo Hanseníase Virchowiana. Iniciou-se tratamento poliquimioterápico e houve remissão completa das lesões. Na hanseníase virchowiana, notam-se lesões sólidas papulosas, nodulares, ou em placas com características variáveis. Além disso, é possível encontrar espessamento de pavilhão auricular, madarose e obstrução nasal. Lesões em cavidade oral, também são descritas nestes casos. Os linfomas não Hodgkin de apresentação cutânea primária, podem se assemelhar a formas difusas de Hanseníase virchowiana, pois são neoplasias linforreticulares que se manifestam durante a história natural da doença em tecidos extranodais, dentre eles, a pele.

Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, with skin manifestations accompanied by loss of sensation and involvement of the peripheral nervous system that can also affect mucous membranes and viscera. Brazil ranks 2nd in the ranking of disease prevalence. The classification of leprosy itself shows its clinical polymorphism; and allows intersections with diseases such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This is a malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes, and may manifest primarily inthe skin. A 51 years-old male patient came to us complaining of “chapped skin”, lesions in the mouth and the tongue and weight loss. On physical examination there was the presence of plaques on the palate, whitish formations on back of tongue and ear lobe infiltration. We identified sensory changes, widespread erythematous rash, a tumor in the elbow, and infiltrated erythematous lesions with exulcerations in lower limbs. The diagnostic hypotheses were: mucocutaneous leishmaniosis, AIDS, secondary syphilis, leprosy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. During the investigation, all serological test were negative, however, acid fast bacilli staining and biopsy suggested lepromatous leprosy. After multidrugtherapy treatment there was complete resolution of the lesions. In lepromatous leprosy solid nodular, papular lesions or plaques with variable characteristics may be noticed. Additionally, thickening of the pinna, madarosis and nasal obstruction can be found. Lesions in the oral cavity are also described in cases of lepromatous leprosy. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas with primary cutaneous presentation, may resemble indeterminate forms of leprosy, since they are characterized as lymphoreticular neoplasms that arise during the natural history of the disease, in extranodal tissues, including the skin.

Lepra lepromatosa / Lepromatosis leprosy

La lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por el Mycobacterium leprae. Afecta la piel, mucosa de las vías respiratorias altas, ojos y nervios periféricos. El período de incubación de la enfermedad es, en promedio, de cinco años. Los síntomas pueden tardar hasta veinte años en aparecer. Es una enfermedad muy antigua; las antiguas civilizaciones de China, Egipto e India, muestran evidencia de casos de lepra, aproximadamente hacia el año 600 a. C. Actualmente existen zonas con alta incidencia en África, Asia y América Latina. En el presente artículo se describe un caso de Lepra lepromatosa, proveniente del suroriente de Venezuela y sus características inmunológicas, clínicas y diagnósticas con el fin de generar interés por la sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes con manifestaciones como las vistas en este paciente.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It affects the skin, upper respiratory mucosae, eyes and peripheral nerves. The incubation period of the disease is, on average, five years. Symptoms can take up to twenty years to appear. It is a very ancient disease, the eartly civilizations of China, Egypt and India, show evidence of leprosy cases, around the year 600 B. C. referido a nuestro hospital, donde se ingresa. Currently there are areas with high incidence in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In this article a case of lepromatous leprosy, from the southeastern Venezuela and its immunological characteristics are described in order to generate interest and social conscience in this epidemiological problem.

Prevenção de incapacidades em hanseníase: relato de caso / Prevention of disability in leprosy: case report

Introdução: a hanseníase é uma doença que afeta o ser humano como um todo. O Mycobacterium leprae (ML) é o responsável pelo desenvolvimento dessa doença dermatoneurológica crônica e por ser uma doença de evolução lenta, na maioria dos casos, pode gerar um alto grau de incapacidades e deformidades em indivíduos não tratados ou tratados inadequadamente devido a diagnósticos tardios,ocasionando limitações na vida social e laborativa. O homem é considerado a única fonte de infecção e de transmissão da hanseníase os nervos mais frequentemente acometidos são o ulnar, mediano, radial, tibial posterior e fibular. Com a evolução da hanseníase, dois outros fenômenos estão relacionados ao processo inflamatório intenso provocado pelos bacilos acometem os nervos, prejudicando-os em graus variados: as neurites e as reações. Para prevenir incapacidades em hanseníase são necessárias medidas que visem à manutenção física, emocional e socioeconômica do indivíduo e que evitem complicações nos casos onde os danos já estão presentes. Objetivo: este estudo tem como objetivo descrever um caso clínico e focar nas questões de avaliação de força muscular e sensibilidade (monitoração da função neural), diagnóstico e prevenção de incapacidades, mesmo quando já existem sequelas instaladas, visando evitar as complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente nestas condições. Resultados e discussão: Como descrito na literatura consultada, a maior frequência de lesões ocorre em pés, seguida das lesões em mãos. Geralmente os nervos afetados são mistos, isto é, possuem fibras sensitivas, motoras e autonômicas. As alterações acontecem em todos esses aspectos, e foram observadas no paciente deste estudo, comprovando a necessidade da intervenção fisioterapêutica. Considerações finais: Pôde-se observar a necessidade de uma avaliação fisioterapêutica ampla, que considere o indivíduo como um todo, para se traçar os objetivos e condutas adequados de acordo com as particularidades existentes.

Introduction: leprosy is a disease that affects the human being as awhole. Mycobacterium leprae (ML) is responsible for the developmentof this disease the dermatological-neurological chronic disease to be a slow evolution, in most cases, can generate a high degree of disability and deformity in untreated or inadequately treated because of late diagnosis, causing limitations in social life and labors. The man is considered the only source of infection and transmission of leprosy nerves most often affected are the ulnar, median, radial, posterior tibial and fibular. With the evolution of leprosy, two other phenomena are related to the intense inflammation caused by bacilli affect the nerves, damaging them in varying degrees: neuritis and reactions. To prevent disability in leprosy are necessary measures to maintain the physical, emotional and socio-economic of the individual and to avoid complications in cases where the damage is already present. Objective: this study aims to describe a clinical case and focus on issues of assessment of muscle strength and sensitivity (monitoring of nerve function), diagnosis and prevention of disabilities, even when there are sequels already installed in order to avoid complications and improve quality of life the patient in this condition. Results and discussion: as described in the literature, the highest frequency of injuries occur in feet, followed by lesions on the hand. Usually the affected nerves are mixed, ie they have sensory fibers, motor and autonomic. Changes occur in all these respects, and were observed in this study patient, demonstrating the need for physiotherapy intervention. Conclusion: it might be noted the need for a comprehensive physical therapy evaluation, which considers the individual as a whole, to outline the objectives and conduct appropriate according to the specific ones.

Lepromatous leprosy patients produce antibodies that recognise non-bilayer lipid arrangements containing mycolic acids

Non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements are three-dimensional structures that form when anionic phospholipids with an intermediate structure of the tubular hexagonal phase II are present in a bilayer of lipids. Antibodies that recognise these arrangements have been described in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and/or systemic lupus erythematosus and in those with preeclampsia; these antibodies have also been documented in an experimental murine model of lupus, in which they are associated with immunopathology. Here, we demonstrate the presence of antibodies against non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements containing mycolic acids in the sera of lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients, but not those of healthy volunteers. The presence of antibodies that recognise these non-bilayer lipid arrangements may contribute to the hypergammaglobulinaemia observed in LL patients. We also found IgM and IgG anti-cardiolipin antibodies in 77% of the patients. This positive correlation between the anti-mycolic-non-bilayer arrangements and anti-cardiolipin antibodies suggests that both types of antibodies are produced by a common mechanism, as was demonstrated in the experimental murine model of lupus, in which there was a correlation between the anti-non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements and anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Antibodies to non-bilayer lipid arrangements may represent a previously unrecognised pathogenic mechanism in LL and the detection of these antibodies may be a tool for the early diagnosis of LL patients.

Use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium leprae in urine

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied to detect M. leprae in different clinical samples and urine seems to be attractive for this purpose. PCR was used to improve the sensitivity for diagnosing leprosy by amplifying a 151-bp PCR fragment of the M. leprae pra gene (PCR-Pra) in urine samples. Seventy-three leprosy patients (39 males and 34 females, 14 to 78 years old) were selected for leprosy diagnosis at a reference laboratory in Maringá, PR, Brazil. Of these, 36 were under anti-leprosy multidrug therapy with dapsone and rifampicin for tuberculoid (TT) and dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine for borderline (BB) and lepromatous (LL) forms. The control group contained 50 healthy individuals without any clinical history of leprosy. DNA isolated from leprosy patients’ urine samples was successfully amplified by PCR-Pra in 46.6 percent (34/73) of the cases. The positivity of PCR-Pra for patients with the TT form was 75 percent for both patients under treatment and non-treated patients (P = 0.1306). In patients with the LL form, PCR-Pra positivity was 52 and 30 percent for patients under treatment and non-treated patients, respectively (P = 0.2386). PCR-Pra showed a statistically significant difference in detecting M. leprae between the TT and LL forms of leprosy in patients under treatment (P = 0.0033). Although the current study showed that the proposed PCR-Pra has some limitations in the detection of M. leprae, this method has the potential to be a useful tool for leprosy diagnosis mainly in TT leprosy where the AFB slit-skin smear is always negative.

Dermatomiosite ou hanseníase? valorizando o exame físico / Dermatomyositis or hansen’s disease? the value of physical examination

A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa com várias apresentações clínicas, a depender da resposta imunológica do paciente. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente com o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico iniciais de dermatomiosite que obteve melhora após o uso de corticosteróide sistêmico. Entretanto, uma reavaliação da paciente, com um exame físico minucioso, reorientou o diagnóstico para o correto: hanseníase

Leprosy is an infectious disease with various clinical presentations, depending on the patient’s immune response. The authors report a case of a patient with initial clinical and histopathological diagnosis of dermatomyositis which improved after therapy with systemic corticosteroid. However, a reassessment of the patient, with a careful physical examination, redirected to the correct diagnosis: leprosy

Hanseníase virchowiana pruriginosa em idoso: a importância do exame dermatoneurológico e suspeição diagnóstica / Itching lepromatous leprosy in an elderly man: the importance of dermatologic and neurological examination and the diagnosis' suspicion

INTRODUÇÃO: A hanseníase virchowiana (MHV) polar é forma clínica de diagnóstico mais difícil nas fases iniciais, já que o comprometimento neurológico é tardio e não há presença de placas. Relata-se um caso com sintoma atípico em idoso: o prurido. RELATO DE CASO: Homem, 81 anos, branco, procedente de Itirapina - SP, encaminhado ao serviço de referência com hipótese diagnóstica de "alergia", relatava que há dois anos notou a presença de pápulas, placas e nódulos em corpo, associado a prurido intenso generalizado, mais pronunciado nas lesões. Ao exame físico, havia livedo reticular difuso que poupava a área do polígono de Michaelis, acrocianose, madarose, pápulas, placas e nódulos eritêmato-violáceos em abdome, região perimamilar, membros inferiores e região glútea. Ao exame neurológico, notou-se espessamento de nervos ulnares, radiais, tibiais e fibular esquerdo. Não apresentava garra ulnar e o teste de sensibilidade com monofilamentos não demonstrou perda da sensibilidade tátil nas mãos ou protetora nos pés. A baciloscopia de pontos índices variou entre de 3 a 5+, com índice morfológico de 3%. O teste de Mitsuda foi negativo, e a biópsia de uma das lesões evidenciou MHV. DISCUSSÃO: A MHV polar constitui-se na forma mais bacilífera e de maior dificuldade diagnóstica, quando não se faz a suspeição. A virtual ausência de imunidade permite que o bacilo prolifere na célula nervosa por quase uma década, em média, sem que haja sintomas característicos (nódulos, "manchas", neurite ou deformidades). Embora seja sintoma atípico, a xerose cutâneo-mucosa pode causar prurido, e o comprometimento neurovascular leva ao livedo reticular e acrocianose, sinais que devem alertar o clínico para a suspeita diagnóstica,...

INTRODUCTION: Polar lepromatous leprosy (LLp) is a clinical form which the diagnosis is very difficult in early stages, since nerve damage is not seen, and there are not visible plaques. We report a case with atypical symptoms in an elderly man: the pruritus.CASE REPORT: Male, 81 years, caucasian, coming from Itirapina - SP, referred to the dermatological service with the diagnosis of "allergy", reported that two years ago noted the presence of papules, plaques and nodules on the body, associated with intense pruritus, more pronounced on the lesions. Physical examination revealed diffuse livedo (which was not seen only on the area of the Michaelis polygon), as weel as acrocyanosis, madarosis, papules, plaques, and erythematous-violaceous nodules on the abdomen, perimamilar region, legs and buttocks. On neurological examination it was noted nerves thickening: both ulnars, radials, tibials, and left fibular. He had no ulnar claw and sensitivity test monofilaments showed no loss of tactile sensitivity on the hands, or even loss of protective sensitivity on the feet. Bacilloscopy of smear from index points ranged from 3-5+, with morphological index = 3%. The Mitsuda test was negative, and biopsy of the lesions showed LL.DISCUSSION: The LLp is the most infectious form of leprosy, and it is the most difficult to make diagnosis, mainly when do not suspected. The virtual lack of immunity allows the bacilli proliferate in the nerve cell for nearly a decade, on average, without typical symptoms (lumps, "stains", neuritis or deformities). Although atypical symptom, mucocutaneous xerosis can cause itching, and neurovascular involvement leads to livedo reticularis and acrocyanosis, signs that should alert the clinician to the diagnosis,...

Paracoccidioidomicosis perianal asociada a lepra lepromatosa: Presentación de un caso clínico / Perianal paracoccidioidomycosis associated with lepromatous leprosy: A clinical case report

Se presenta el caso de un paciente alcoholista con una ulceración perianal y manifestaciones cutáneas de enfermedad de Hansen. La biopsia de la lesión perianal y otros estudios arribaron al diagnóstico de una forma diseminada de paracoccidioidomicosis, así como también las biopsias cutáneas y los estudios baciloscópicos fueron diagnósticos de lepra lepromatosa. La respuesta a la terapéutica fue satisfactoria con desaparición de las lesiones cutáneas. La disminución de la respuesta inmunológica celular genera un terreno propicio para la infección de estos gérmenes y al compartir área endémica la asociación entre ambas patologías puede ocurrir.

Lepra and Paracoccidioidomycosis are endemic diseases in Argentina. We report a case of a patient with an unusual perianal ulceration and cutaneous manifestations of Hansen's disease. The biopsy of perianal lesion and subsequent studies revealed a disseminated form of paracoccidioidomycosis, as well as skin biopsy and baciloscopic finding diagnostic of Lepromatous Leprosy. The main portal of entry of paracoccidioides is the lung. Hematogenous dissemination of the fungus may occur at this time, with the establishment of metastatic foci in any organ. Anal and perianal lesions are present only in 1.3 to 2.4% of the patients. The pathogenesis of anal lesions remains unclear, it may be secondary from a systemic or a local disease. The patient response to the therapeutic was notable, with disappearance of lesions up to the third month of started itraconazole orally 400 mg/day leading just atrophy scars in perianal areas. The treatment of Hansen's disease was made according to OMS guidelines for multibacillary disease.